Urdu poetry, known for its profound use of metaphors, allegory, and vivid imagery, is a testament to the richness of language and emotion. It has always been a treasure trove of emotions, eloquence, and cultural depth. A few of the countless poets who have contributed to its rich heritage chose the pen name "Azaad," embodying the spirit of freedom and creativity in their work. This blog highlights the artistry of four such poetic maestros—Fakirullah Azad, Maulana Abu Al-Kalam Ghulam Muhyiddin Ahmed Azad, Jagannath Azad, and Azad Saharnapuri (Hakeem Altaaf Hussain). Each mastered poetic devices such as simile, hyperbole, and personification to craft verses that transcend time. Join us as we explore "Top Ten Remarkable Shayari Pieces", celebrating the confluence of literary liberty and brilliance.
Poet #1: آزاد مولانا ابوالکلام غلام محی الدین احمد (1888–1958)
About the Poet: Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, born in 1888 in Makkah, was a prominent scholar, journalist, poet, and freedom fighter in India. Originally named Muhyiddin Ahmed, he gained early education from his father before completing his studies in oriental sciences at Al-Azhar University in Egypt. After migrating to India, he made Kolkata his base, where he launched the weekly newspaper Al-Hilal in 1912, followed by Al-Balagh, both advocating against British policies and promoting Hindu-Muslim unity. A key leader in the Indian independence movement, Azad actively participated in campaigns like the Non-Cooperation Movement and Quit India Movement, alongside figures like Mahatma Gandhi and Ali Brothers. Post-independence, he became India’s first Education Minister, establishing institutions like the University Grants Commission. His literary contributions, including Ghubar-e-Khatir and Tarjuman-ul-Quran, showcase his genius in prose and poetry. Honored with the Bharat Ratna, Azad passed away on February 2, 1958, and is buried near Delhi's Jama Masjid. Let's see his three crafts:
1) Original:
آزاد بے خودی کے نشیب و فراز دیکھ
پوچھی زمین کی تو کہی آسمان کی
Translation:
Azaad, observe the highs and lows of selflessness,
When asked about the earth, you spoke of the skies.
Explanation:
This couplet explores the spiritual depth and abstract thinking of the poet. The "highs and lows of selflessness" ("بے خودی") symbolize the journey of losing oneself in the pursuit of higher truth, a recurring theme in Azad's life and works. The second line juxtaposes the earthly and celestial realms, showcasing Azad’s transcendence beyond materialistic understanding, likely influenced by his deep engagement with Quranic studies and Sufi thought. It highlights themes of mysticism and spiritual detachment.
2) Original:
بے خود بھی ہیں ہشیار بھی ہیں دیکھنے والے
ان مست نگاہوں کی ادا اور ہی کچھ ہے
Translation:
They are lost in trance, yet aware—those who gaze,
The charm of those intoxicating eyes is something else entirely.
Explanation:
This couplet beautifully captures the paradox of being both entranced and conscious while observing the mesmerizing allure of someone's eyes. The "مست نگاہیں" (intoxicating eyes) symbolize an irresistible charm that transcends ordinary beauty. The poet masterfully contrasts states of oblivion ("بے خود") and awareness ("ہشیار") to depict the profound and almost otherworldly impact of such captivating eyes, leaving the viewer in awe. The use of "ادا" (charm or gesture) further accentuates the uniqueness of this experience.
3) Original:
کوئی نالاں کوئی گریاں کوئی بسمل ہو گیا
اس کے اٹھتے ہی دگرگوں رنگ محفل ہو گیا
Some lamented, some wept, and some were struck down,
The moment they rose, the atmosphere of the gathering transformed.
Explanation:
This couplet vividly portrays the powerful and transformative presence of an individual. The first line captures a spectrum of emotional responses—lamentation, tears, and devastation—symbolizing the deep impact this person had on those around them. The second line emphasizes how their mere departure ("اس کے اٹھتے ہی") drastically altered the mood of the gathering. The poet uses the imagery of a "محفل" (gathering) and the phrase "دگرگوں رنگ" (changed colors) to signify the emotional and dynamic shifts caused by this person's actions or presence, evoking themes of loss, influence, and emotional depth.
Poet #2: آزاد جگن ناتھ (1918– )
About the poet: Azaad Jagannath, born in 1918 in Isa Khel, Punjab, was influenced by his poet father, Talok Chand Mehroom. Educated in Rawalpindi and Lahore, he was a part of the "Rafaqat Movement" for Hindu-Muslim unity. After partition, he moved to Delhi and worked as the deputy editor of Aaj Kal magazine. His poetry, shaped by turbulent times, reflects resilience and hope. Though inspired by Iqbal and Josh, Azaad developed his own unique style, with collections like Bekaran, Watan Mein Ajnabi, and Kahkashan.
1) Original:
میں نے پوچھا کہ زندگی کیا ہے
ہاتھ سے گر کے جام ٹوٹ گیا
Translation:
I asked, "What is life?"
The goblet slipped from my hand and shattered.
Explanation:
This couplet poignantly portrays life's fragility and unpredictability. The question about life’s meaning is left unanswered, as the breaking goblet symbolizes the ephemeral and delicate nature of existence. The poet employs symbolism and imagery to evoke a sense of existential despair, leaving the reader with profound contemplation.
اللہ رے! بے خودی کہ ترے گھر کے آس پاس
ہر در پہ دی صدا ترے در کے خیال میں
Oh Allah! The state of selflessness at every door near Your home!
We called on every door (near your home) while thinking it’s Your door.
Explanation:
In this couplet, the poet conveys a profound sense of devotion and longing for the divine presence. The state of "bey-khudi" (selflessness) takes over the speaker, where they reach out to every door, hoping it might lead to the divine threshold. The poet’s intense longing for Allah is so deep that they desire every place they encounter to be connected to His presence. This reflects a yearning for closeness to the divine, highlighting the poet’s total surrender and devotion.
کنارے ہی سے طوفاں کا تماشا دیکھنے والے
کنارے سے کبھی اندازۂ طوفاں نہیں ہوتا
Translation:
Those who watch the storm from the shore,
They can never truly understand the force of the storm.
Explanation:
This couplet emphasizes the difference between passive observation and experiencing something firsthand. The poet critiques those who observe difficulties or struggles from a distance, implying that only those who face the challenges directly can truly understand their intensity and impact. The storm serves as a metaphor for life's struggles or emotional turbulence, and the poet suggests that without being fully immersed in these experiences, one can never grasp their true nature.
Poet #3: آزاد سہارنپوری حکیم الطاف حسین (1871–1942)
About the poet: Azad Saharanpuri, born Altaaf Ahmad Ansari in Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh, was a renowned Urdu poet. Using the pen name "Azad," his poetry delved into themes of love, separation, and life's complexities, leaving a lasting impact on Urdu literature.
1) Original:
نہ سمجھ مجھ کو رائیگاں نہ سمجھ
نہ سہی تیرے کام کا نہ سہی
Translation:
Do not consider me worthless,
Even if I am not of use to you.
Explanation:
This couplet speaks of self-worth and dignity. The poet asserts that intrinsic value is not defined by others' perception or utility. The repetition of "نہ سہی" (even if not) underscores a sense of resilience and self-respect, making this piece a powerful statement on individuality and self-esteem.
2) Original:
اے کاش خبر ہوتی تو دل سے بھلا دے گا
اے کاش سمجھ سکتے تو مل کے دغا دے گا
Translation:
If only we had known, you will forget us from the heart,
If only we could understand, you would betray after the union.
Explanation:
This couplet conveys feelings of sorrow and regret, where the speaker reflects on the painful realization that their beloved might forget them or betray their trust after coming close. It expresses the deep emotional turmoil of unrequited love and the betrayal that often follows even the closest connections, highlighting a sense of disillusionment and loss.
3) Original:
تم جبر کیئے جاؤ ہم صبر کیئے جائیں
اللہ تو منصف ہے اللہ جزا دے گا
Translation:
You continue to oppress, while we continue to endure,
Allah is just, and Allah will reward.
Explanation:
This couplet reflects patience in the face of oppression and unwavering faith in divine justice. The poet contrasts tyranny and endurance, emphasizing that ultimate judgment and retribution rest with God. It showcases themes of resilience, justice, and spiritual faith. Despite facing oppression, the speaker endures, trusting that Allah, the ultimate judge, will reward them for their patience and righteousness.
Poet #4: آزاد فقیر اللہ
1) Original:
سب صنعتیں جہاں کی آزاد ہم کو آئیں
پر جس سے یار ملتا ایسا ہنر نہ آیا
Translation:
We have mastered all the crafts (poetic) of the world,
But through which we could have got our beloved—such a skill we never learned.
Explanation:
This couplet reflects the poet's profound longing and helplessness. Despite gaining mastery over worldly skills and achievements, the one thing that truly matters—connecting with the beloved—remains unattainable. It uses irony and juxtaposition to emphasize the futility of worldly accomplishments in the absence of emotional fulfillment or true love.
In conclusion, the poets who adopted the pen name "Azad" embody a diverse spectrum of emotions, experiences, and philosophical insights through their poetry. From the mysticism and patriotism of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad to the resilient spirit of Azad Jagannath, the emotional depth and literary mastery of Azad Saharanpuri, and the philosophical reflections of Azad Fakirullah, each poet has contributed uniquely to the world of Urdu poetry. Their works, filled with metaphors, allegories, and vivid imagery, offer timeless lessons on love, loss, selflessness, and justice. Through this blog, we celebrate their enduring legacy and their ability to transcend time and space, leaving an indelible mark on the hearts of readers.
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